The Effects Of Factory Farming On Livestock, Human Beings...

Citing â€Å"dominion† over animals as a rationale for cruel, and even sadistic, practices has a perverse quality to it. Respect for life extends beyond human beings. It is a respect for the miracle of life, in all of its forms. While I don t think it s ethically wrong to raise animals for food, it is disturbing to see the conditions under which many animals are raised and slaughtered. Humane treatment for all animals is something we should strive for. We need regulations to prohibit harmful farming practices that will be anathema to conservatives from farm states. Despite all the dazzling technological advances and other areas of progress we will never be truly refined or civilized unless we learn to treat animals with compassion and appreciate their space in the larger order of things. This research paper seeks to evaluate the effect of factory farming with respect to its implications on livestock, human beings and the environment. Sub†divisions to each main point will be evaluated. If one was to walk into any fast-food restaurant they would most likely be able to find a â€Å"value† meal for a price that is almost too good to be true. For the low income/budget conscious family struggling to make ends meet, a cheap meal may seem tough to pass up. Animal factory farming advocates have often addressed America’s inexpensive fast-food prices as proof that the new industrial farming system is working and readily able to supply food to the masses. Many people fail to realize that theShow MoreRelatedFactory Farming Should Be Banned1576 Words   |  7 Pagesactivist. Factory farming should be banned or demolished thoroughly due to more harm than good that is being presented worldwide. Animal brutality, which can be found constantly and excessively throughout factory farms, is a deleterious act involving the animals and a diabolic act regarding human morals. The antic actions that proceed have an effect on both humans and the environment, as well as the un ethical, inhumane treatment and the atrocious sufferings of animals. Besides factory farms offeringRead MoreThe Bbc Describes Intensive Farming To Include â€Å"Practices1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe BBC describes intensive farming to include â€Å"practices including growing high-yield crops, using fertilisers and pesticides, and keeping animals indoors. Food production is increased but there are unwelcomed side effects.† (BBC 2011) Intensive farming also includes the modern-day fields to be very large, because farmers now have the ability to look after more crops of land due to the ‘improvements’ given by pesticides and modifications. It is common in intensive farming to see a heavy use of pesticidesRead MoreHow The Vegan Diet Would Fight Against Negative Environmental Changes By Factory Farming And Dairy Industry Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pagesheart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Yes, many oppose the injustices of animal slavery. Yet, many people do not see m to realize that the most beneficial results of being plant-based are based around the environment. We are going to discuss how the vegan diet would fight against negative environmental changes created by factory farming and dairy industry. We will cover the aspects of climate change, land sustainability, and water pollution. First, we are going to discuss what a plant-based dietRead MoreThe Dangers of Factory Farming1511 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the country as well as the videos of factory farms and how their livestock are raised, along with Rachel Carson’s various books about the dangers of pesticides. Until the 1950’s, farming never used hormones to increase growth pace to achieve meatier animals. Factory farms and the mass production of animals have caused corporations to stop thinking about the quality of their foods, but the quantity and efficiency in which consumers receive it. Factory farm raised animals are produced to becomeRead MoreFactory Farming And Its Effects On The Mass Production Of Animals1670 Words   |  7 PagesFactory farming also known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) is the raising of livestock for human consumption in which vast amounts of food are produced at minimal cost. Products such as meat, milk, and eggs are all staples of this practice. It is easy to identify these farms from their distinct characteristics of confining their animals. Animals such as cows, pigs, chickens, and turkeys are confined to very small quarters and fed out while being pumped full of hormones and antibioticsRead MoreCompanies Are Treating The Animals We Will Ultimately Consume1701 Words   |  7 Pagesaverage consumer veers towards the quick and easy food options. Without prior knowledge, an individual could be consuming contaminated meat products that were produced on a factory farm. Since the 1960’s, factory farming has accounted for over 99% of the meat sold in the United States (Zacharias, 2011). The move towards large, factory farms saves meat industry millions of dollars a day. These farms pose a huge risk to public health and environmental safety. Currently, four major companies produce 85%Read MoreFactory Farming Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors are made possible because of factory farming. Factory farming is the rea son why consumers are able to purchase low-priced poultry in their local supermarket and also the reason why chickens and other animals are being seen as profit rather than living, breathing beings. So what is exactly is factory farming? According to Ben Macintyre, a writer and columnist of The Times, a British newspaper and a former chicken farm worker, he summed up the goal of any factory farm â€Å"... to produce the maximumRead MoreJust A Little Something To Digest. When It Comes To Farming,1668 Words   |  7 PagesJust a Little Something to Digest When it comes to farming, the image of an open green field and a little red barn may come to mind; however, the reality is much different. Since the industrialization of animal agriculture, the small farms we commonly think of have been consumed by large, congested factories called CAFOs, or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. The goal of these enormous factory farms is to produce large quantities of food as fast and cheap as possible. While this may sound idealRead MoreAnimal Rights At Factory Farms1629 Words   |  7 PagesMadison Bowdish Dr. Brian Onishi PHIL 229 15 Dec 2016 Animal Rights in Factory Farms The idea that industrial farming is bad for the environment is well known, but what people do not think about is horrible practice of factory farms within industrial farming. Factory farms are inhumane and not only because the animal is being slaughtered, but because of the way the animals are treated before the are killed. A person would think that if they were to be innocently killed that they would want to beRead MoreThe Theory Of Factory Farms1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe theory of factory farms in terms of raising, handling, and slaughtering of animals, the legal issues, the effects on health, and the impacts of factory farms on the environment is a veil of secrecy of factory farms. The rise of factory farms is no accident. It is the result of public policy created to benefit corporations and food processors that dominate the path between producers and consumers. Some of the steps to creating such a unique and intricate business was the creation of farm bills

How Sleep Is Needed For Optimum Performance - 1352 Words

May 30, 2015, marked the end of my high school career, and as I walked the graduation line, two things kept ringing in my head, â€Å"No more waking at 5:00am, and I no longer have to catch the bus at 6:17am,† which made me really happy. Imagine how many high school students across the United States feel the same after high school or during twelfth grade. Over the years, early school start times has been attributed to some of the reasons why students have been unable to perform well because they have been deprived of sleep. Sleep is an essential part of our daily lives and without it, we will be unable to function, as it is known that sleep is needed for optimum performance. It is one of the factors that determines how much effort we put into our daily activities, and it has several health benefits on our minds asides from the obvious ones known to people; moreover, one might conclude that it determines a whole lot of things pertaining to our daily lives. Despite the fact tha t we are aware of the many effects and benefits of sleep, most students in the United States are denied these benefits through early school start times, and this has several adverse effects on students academically and mentally. Schools should start later in the morning as early school start times impairs the performance of students greatly, affects students’ cognitive abilities, and denies students an adequate amount of sleep. (Finley). Even though people in favor of early school start times think thatShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreDo Teens Need Sleep?1450 Words   |  6 Pages Teens Need Sleep â€Å"For better teen health, push the snooze button on school start times† (Ornes). There are many risks connected to starting school too early that go from health risks to far more things. Even though changing school start times may be costly schools should start later because moving back start times would increase academic performance, lessen health problems , and reduce safety risks. The average start time of schools is 8:03 A.M (Wheaton, Ferro, and Croft 810). 8:03Read MoreThe Causes of Sleep Deprivation1096 Words   |  4 PagesIn Western cultures, the biggest cause of sleep deprivation is stress mostly as a result of being sick, overworking and shift working, drugs, or examinations (Pinel, 2014). Sleep loss can lead to impairment in decision-making. Two studies have been conducted that look at twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation and focus on the effect it has on making complex decisions. Essentially, what is the effect of total sleep deprivation in decision-making? In 2009, David Schyner and his colleagues had theRead More Applying Psychological Thinking To Sports Essays1687 Words   |  7 Pagessetting goals you can achieve more, improve performance, improve the quality of you training, increase your motivation to achieve, increase your pride and satisfaction in your performance, and improve your self-confidence (Bull, 1983). Research (Bull, 1983) has shown that people who use goal-setting effectively suffer less from stress and anxiety, concentrate better, show more self-confidence, perform better, and are happier with their performance. The way in which you set your goals stronglyRead MoreManaging Time As An Adult Learner1485 Words   |  6 Pagesto keep up with school as to get good grades to ensure that they progress (William, 2003). Time management is therefore the greatest challenge for these adult learners. They often do not have enough time to attend to each and every area they are needed in. They neglect their responsibilities not because they do not want to do them but because they are not in a position due to time constrains. Friends often do not understand why they are not able to do the same things with them before joining schoolRead MoreSelf Care1408 Words   |  6 Pagesnurses, it is easy to forget about self-care. In an effort to prevent burn out, our group has integrated the practices of exercise and meditation into our daily schedules. In the following, we discuss how both mediation and exercise worked and didn’t work for us, what we learned while on this journey, and how we applied our learning to teach someone the skills and knowledge we obtained in meditation and exercise. Countless research and studies have been conducted to explore the benefits of meditationRead MoreEssay about Eating Healthy for the Body and the Mind1153 Words   |  5 Pagesare recreations of the neurons that fired during the original experience. Overall, memory is an essential asset to human life. As a child, connections in the brain are form quite rapidly because of all the early learning that is being done such as how to walk, communicate, and even tie shoes. But as age increases, the brain’s ability to make these connections slowly deteriorates and this decrease results in a lower capacity of memory. Recent research has shown there are ways to slow down, cease,Read MoreA Research Study On Owl Creek Veterinary Hospital1720 Words   |  7 Pagesin-hospital surgery suite, in-house X-ray capabilities, a closely supervised hospitalization house, and indoor boarding kennels with outside walking areas. At Owl Creek Veterinary Hospital they fight to provide sound recommendation, and together optimum veterinary care, allowing you the enjoyment of your companion for a most type of years. Their job is not exclusively to treat your pet once he or she isn t feeling well, but together to help you discover out the way to keep your supporter happy andRead MoreStrategic Sourcing at China6624 Words   |  27 Pagesclearly showing that it is far better to break up learning interventions to facilitate successful long-term learning. This paper outlines recent findings from neuroscience research about how we learn, and how to optimize the formation of memory. These findings have been summarized into a four-part model for how to make learning stick: this is Attention, Generation, Emotion and Spacing, which we are presenting here as the AGES model. So much to learn, so little time Increased organizationalRead MorePre, During And Post Competition Meals For Athletes3585 Words   |  15 PagesPre, During and Post Competition Meals for Athletes Athletes and sportspersons continuously seek for alternative ways to enhance their performance and encourage their entire human system and body to function at the highest potential. With the aim of keeping their bodies constantly healthy as well as themselves at an optimal shape for their sporting performances, they will ultimately wan to achieve two important things through their diet: a healthy nutrition and the maximum body energy. With a considerate

AIDS Medicine Free Essays

In a world where everything seems to have an equivalent price, doing some treatment to alleviate the sufferings from AIDS becomes only a dream for most victims. Because of the high costs of medical instruments and medications for the treatment of the disease, not all people are getting the most appropriate resolution for their health problems. In light of technological advancements in the field of health care, too many people are still on the verge of suffering because of the impact of commercialism to the industry lead by the capitalists’ point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on AIDS Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now The argument presented by President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa was the most significant intuition if the world population would really want to arrive at a solution for the problem induced by AIDS. No one else in the world knows better than Mbeki about the sufferings of his countrymen, not because of AIDS but because of a more dreaded situational problem-the cost of the AIDS treatment. Seriously enough, medical products for the treatment of the said disease are very steep for an ordinary person to avail. It is sometimes very ironic that with the availability of the modernized science, there are still very wide gaps which reflect the kind of living different people has. The scope of the problem about AIDS becomes very little compared to the scope of the problems induced by monopolized character of the capitalists. Giving more reasonable prices for AIDS medicines can always be maintained as long as the capitalist sectors will cooperate. Unfortunately, the world is not used to playing at its chances especially when it comes to money. People can sacrifice their ethical and moral responsibility just for the sake of saving even the tiniest penny for profit. Because of such scenario, it was a good opportunity that Mbeki greatly encouraged the international community to stand by what is considered to be of greater ethical goal-to deliver the right medical product and services at costs affordable to the general public. In his deliberations about the process, he was able to signify how each little steps of reform can arrive at a significant resolution. He was very clear on his opinion that making the medicines available at much cheaper prices will bring the worth of scientific knowledge to better perspectives. In such a case, his outlined procedures can be a very effective tool to combat the monopolistic attitude of the investing world. First, it was a very good suggestion to encourage the greater population to step up a call for a cheaper price for all medical products for AIDS. This will at least give a consensus that capitalists are no longer reliable sectors in the aspect of world economic order. Second, Mbeki’s suggestion to let government’s fund or at least subsidize the expenses for research and development is one very good approach to allocate the international capital for an appropriate cause. Thirdly, his call for international unity about setting a particular organized department is one big positive idea. This way, nations will be able to effectively monitor whatever the current market trends will be in terms of medical pricing. Moreover, each of the world states will gain access to a wide number of alternatives to acquire cheaper medicines for their respective populations. Human knowledge is a wonderful gift that should only be used for the betterment of all people concerned. But with high prices of medications for AIDS, this ethical notion may just be compromised especially if people under the poverty line would not be able to avail cheaper medicine products for the disease. How to cite AIDS Medicine, Essay examples

Profit Maximization Business

Question: Discuss about the Report for Profit Maximization Business. Answer: 1. Introduction Profit maximization is the objective of each firm. It is the difference between the revenue and costs. In order to run a business, it is important to generate higher profit to increase the operation and scale of the business. However, profit is not used to pay wage; tax or interest, it remains within the firm and invested for further improvement. Therefore, it is important to take right decision that would maximize the level of profit. In the short run, profit can be achieved by avoiding different costs, however, in the long run a firm has to make decision very carefully. By ensuring long run profit, a firm will be able to become competitive in the market. Analysis In a perfectly competitive market structure, all firms attain a constant zero profit level in the long run equilibrium. In reality, firms earn different level of profits. This is mainly because of imperfect competition. Imperfect competition takes place when firm differentiate their product. Differentiation can be made in terms of high product quality that requires innovation or advertising. Innovation is a continuous process and continuous flow of investment is required. In contrast, the advertising is a once-off expenditure. Through advertisement the firms communicate with the consumers and broader society. Advertising is able to change the importance that is attached to specific features of the good. The advertisement differentiates its product by disclosing its quality; price or special feature that is distinct from products of other firms. The distinct features differentiate the products from the competitors. This will reduce the degree of substitution. The major impact of spending in advertisement is the increase in the sales volume. Product differentiation enables the firm to increase its amount of sale, even if the product price is premium. Even if the firm has spent huge amount on advertisement, high sales volume guarantees fairly high margin of costs (Hubbard et al., 2012). This leads to high profits as quantity and price both are high. Therefore, the fixed discretionary advertisement cost of advertising will be justified and can lead to high profit in the future. Figure 1: Advertisement Cost Source: Yan et al., 2014. According to Baumol, increase in the total advertising will increase total revenue, even if there will be diminishing return (Yan et al., 2014). If the firm wants to maximize profit, it will incur advertising cost of OA1. However, if it wants to maximize its sales then it will spend higher cost of advertisement. However, sales maximization is a feature of oligopoly market structure. Monopolistically competitive firm mostly engaged in product differentiation. These firm earn abnormal profit in the short run, however, in the long run they earn normal profit. Figure 2: Supernormal Profit in Short Run Source: Mankiw, 2014 Figure 3:Normal Profit in Long Run Source: Mankiw, 2014 Product differentiation is practiced through innovation and less innovation requires more advertisement. By spending on RD activity, the firm can differentiate its product. However, RD is a risky activity and may result into higher cost than revenue collected in short run. In spite of this fact, this strategy is adopted in order to offer a different product, which will in turn improve sales of the company in the short run as well as long run (Harimaya et al., 2012). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be said that through once-off expenditure on product differentiation, may lead to maximising economic profit in the long run. However, in practical, the firms emphasize on sales maximization in the long run than profit maximization. Therefore, they focus on making their product different from others through advertising and innovation in order to compete with others in future. 2. Introduction Wage is determined by the law of demand and supply in the labour market. The wage is also paid according to the skill level of the workers. However, in most of the developed economy, the government has set minimum wage, so that wage rate does not fall under certain level (Case, Fair Oster, 2012). The wage rate is different across the occupation and across the industry. However, it has been seen in many cases that the wage is different within the occupation and industry as well. This is often remained unexplained. Analysis The wage is different because the abilities of the workers are not same in a company. a high skilled workers are paid higher wage than a low skilled worker within a company. In addition to this the demand and supply of labours are not same in every sector or across different occupation (Neumuller, 2015). There is huge demand for certain kind of jobs, i.e. supply of labour for a specific job is very high than the vacant positions. In such case, wage tends to fall to reduce the demand. Similarly, when there is vacant position but labour supply is less, the wage tends to increase, to bridge the gap between the demand and supply of labour. The vacant position and eligible labours are different across the occupation and across the industry. Hence, wage differential takes place. Figure 4: Labour Market Source: Created by Author The range of wage varies within the same occupation, because of payment according to the performance standard. In white-collar jobs, workers have high scope to improve their performance as they are engaged in multiple duties. Whereas, the blue-collar jobs offer little scope to improve their performance standard given the type of their work (Visintin et al., 2015). The wage differential also takes place within or across the same industry, because; requirement of skills and the skill levels are different. Apart from heterogeneity in performance and skill, the wage dispersion takes place due to mechanism of search and matching process between employer and workers. Wage also differs due to individual features like gender; age and often race as well. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be said that theoretically wage rate differs because of different demand and supply across different industries and different occupations. However, in reality, there are several factors that cause wage differential. Such factors are performance improvement ability; individual feature; job searching tenure and so on. These factors vary across the industries. Therefore, economists find it difficult to explain the causes of wage dispersion. References Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., Oster, S. M. (2012). Principles of economics. Prentice Hall, Harimaya, K., Ohkawa, T., Okamura, M., Shinkai, T. (2012). Sales-Maximization vs. Profit-Maximization: Managerial Behavior at Japanese Regional Banks 1980-2009 (No. 94). Hubbard, G., Garnett, A., Lewis, P. (2012). Essentials of economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Neumuller, S. (2015). Inter-industry wage differentials revisited: Wage volatility and the option value of mobility. Journal of Monetary Economics, 76, 38-54. Visintin, S., Tijdens, K., Steinmetz, S., de Pedraza, P. (2015). Task implementation heterogeneity and wage dispersion. IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 4(1), 1. Yan, R., Myers, C., Wang, J., Ghose, S. (2014). Bundling products to success: The influence of complementarity and advertising. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(1), 48-53.

Housing Market Research Paper Essay Example

Housing Market Research Paper Essay Trends and operations in the housing market underpin to a great extent the economic behavior of individuals and markets. This market’s unique economic importance is derived from several key features of the market, including its size, its indispensable character to people and its manners of financing, investment and consumption. It is thus easy to understand why many claim that housing economics underlie the current economic and financial slowdown. This paper aims to analyze the housing market as a primary indicator for the economy. Moreover, it uses key characteristics of the current situation in the market to explain macroeconomic concepts and theories. Thus, the main body of this paper is structured in accordance to economic reasoning and issues. The Housing Market and National Product The housing market contributes to a nation’s economy in several ways. Among the components of Gross National Product (GDP), housing activities represents production of construction-related goods and services, investments and housing services (i.e. renting activities). While the housing sector accounts to 3-10 percent of GDP and Gross National Income GNI and 20-30 percent of all gross fixed capital formation (Angel, 2000), countries differ in the division of housing activities between the government (e.g. through public housing schemes) and the private sector. Thus, it is clear that trends in this market significantly influence any country’s economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Housing Market Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Housing Market Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Housing Market Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When estimating the contribution of the housing market to measurements of national income and added value, economists consider several levels of economic activities: The simplest level of measurement is transactions in the marketplace. These include building and maintenance services, related industries, real-estate services, sales and rental. In addition, the purchase of new housing by households and landlords, known as residential investment, is another critical component of national income. However, other consumption issues are not made in the marketplace but must be considered as well. For example, once a person bought a house for himself, it would be fundamentally wrong to ignore the economic value of the house. That is, the house still serves as a valuable object, which provides housing to people, although they do not pay any rent for it. In order to consider this value as part of the economy, economists assume an imputed value of rent, as if the owner pays rent for himself. As a result, they prevent a paradoxical situation in which rented houses continue to create value (income for the owner and expense for the tenant), whereas unrented houses have no economic significance. The current housing market poses a major problem in terms of its underlying value creation. More specifically, excess construction during past years, boosted by fiscal incentives and reach supply in money markets, resulted in high rates of vacant houses. The major reason for that is the fact that the growth in the housing market outpaced the growth in population. Thus, not only equity investments depreciated due to lower sale and rental prices (the microeconomic equilibrium of demand and supply), but also the drop in growth rates of new tenants compared to creation of new houses has reduced the value of housing as an economic activity. Consequently, the US housing market has put a burden on the US economy. The housing sector has been a constant negative contributor to GDP, way before the outbreak of the financial crises. Residential Investment and Interest Rate Changes in interest rate typically bring about an opposite response in the housing market. An increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in demand for housing and residential investment (Lipsey Cristal, 2005). This is due to several reasons: (ibid.) First, many potential buyers must take out mortgages to finance the investment. Increased interest rates lead to increase in the costs of loans, and hence make housing unaffordable for many people. Second, interest rates represent the opportunity cost of investment. Even for people who do not borrow to buy a home, the interest rate measures the opportunity cost of holding their wealth in housing rather than putting it in the bank. The higher interest rate shifts the demand curve for housing down. This causes the relative price of housing to fall, and the new price make potential investors to avoid residential investment, thus decreasing the supply of houses. Clearly, the drop in interest rates over the past two years may support the recovery process of the housing market. In order for that to happen, not only interest rates should remain low, but it will be also necessary that investors will perceive lower risk in the market. As in the case of other assets, it is possible that the current low prices, supported with sound fiscal and monetary policies, will bring about a faster recovery in this market than expected. The Housing Market and Fiscal Policy Fiscal decisions, in particular tax policies, have a critical influence on the housing market. In an open economy with a strong private housing market, government can encourage the housing market not by public ownership (i.e. direct government investments), but by other means: First, by allowing taxpayers to deduct interest on mortgages, the government can offset other trends in the market, and thus to subsidize home ownership and owner-occupied housing. Interestingly, the deduction is based on the nominal mortgage rate, so it is less influential today, because the inflation is rather low. Second, taxes on the income from a house (mainly rent), has a capitalization effect, which reduces the value of an asset. For example, a tax on the imputed income from owner-occupied housing depresses the value of houses (Rutherford, 2002). This effect may drive people to rent a house instead on owning it. Third, the US government can leverage its current ownership of mortgage companies by shifting some of its welfare expenditure to housing. By allowing in-kind transfers to low income Americans, houses can be occupied and welfare money can be saved through using those assets, which are currently depreciated. A secondary effect of such an action can be lower supply of va cant houses and thus higher price equilibrium in the housing market. Forth, the government needs to examine the degree to which it influences the level of risk in the market. Lower risk can be directly related not only to tax, but also to the barriers that are put on the different players. Higher residential investment can be achieved by allowing home builders to function effectively in a competitive and open economy, remove barriers that influence the efficiency of construction activities, and by ensuring regular supply of materials and machinery (Angel, 2000). It is clear, however, that all fiscal policy issues must be dealt with cautiously, in order to prevent the current situation, when too many incentives to the housing market have brought about overbuilding, excess supply, burden on national income arguably underpinned the recent economic and financial crisis.

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures - Worked Problem

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures - Worked Problem Daltons Law of Partial Pressures, or Daltons Law, states that the total pressure of a gas in a container is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the container. Here is a worked example problem showing how to use Daltons Law to calculate the pressure of a gas. Review Dalton's Law Daltons Law of Partial Pressures is a gas law that can be stated: Ptotal P1 P2 P3 ... Pn where P1, P2, P3, Pn are the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture. Example Dalton's Law Calculation The pressure of a mixture of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen is 150 kPa. What is the partial pressure of oxygen if the partial pressures of the nitrogen and carbon dioxide are 100 kPA and 24 kPa, respectively? For this example, you can simply plug the numbers into the equation and solve for the unknown quantity. P Pnitrogen Pcarbon dioxide Poxygen 150 kPa 100 kPa 24 kPa Poxygen Poxygen 150 kPa - 100 kPa - 24 kPa Poxygen 26 kPa Check your work. Its a good idea to add up the partial pressure to make sure the sum is the total pressure!

Should government invest in small businesses Essay

Should government invest in small businesses - Essay Example Small businesses are very important for economic growth of a country. According to FSB, small and medium sized businesses contribute over 98 per cent of all businesses within an area (Ibbotson and Moran, 2005, pp. 556-563). In London, small businesses contribute significantly by providing job opportunities to unemployed people. The GDP of the entire United Kingdom is highly contributed by small and medium-sized entrepreneurs. In the year 2012, the Federation of Small Businesses surveyed 200 small businesses in London. Small businesses reported that they had better opportunities in entire London during Olympics and games. People from different countries visited London during games and sports. It helped most of the SMEs to earn huge profits. Small businesses are important because they lead to new innovations in marketing strategies. Most of the SMEs’ entrepreneurs belong from a lower age-group in London as per the report of FSB. Young people have the potential to convert their i nitiatives to application, which has sustained the market till now. Government investment in small businesses can provide better chances for small business to grow and develop, which in-turn can help in the economic development of London. The Prime Minister of United Kingdom has brought forward some evidential facts during the CBI speech on 25th of October. The Prime Minister mentioned that the existing small businesses since 2002 have proved to be very beneficial for the economic growth of United Kingdom especially London.

Producer Theory & Existence of equilibrium Assignment

Producer Theory & Existence of equilibrium - Assignment Example There are J producers in an economy. For a producer j, yj represents combination of the quantities of all inputs and outputs. Yj is the set of input and outputs that are technically feasible for the producer j. Without any production in the economy the feasibility condition would imply that the aggregate consumption (input-output) is not larger than the aggregate endowment. If there is production, then the total resources allocated for consumption increase depending on net outputs of corresponding goods. In Arrow-Debreu model the producer’s want ‘profit maximization’ meaning that the input-output combination selected by a firm on a given a price should be such that no other input-output combination gives more profit. We have assumed here that the prices are fixed and firms choose inputs-outputs so as to maximize profit limiting itself to technically feasible combination i.e. yj ? Yj. There are other assumptions that need to be considered for example the one that i s often called the ‘free disposal’ assumption which is- the firm can add any amount of input without reducing output or if we look at it from the cost minimizing concept then it means to add input which can be disposed of at zero cost. If we â€Å"let p be an original price called by the Walrasian Auctioneer and let yj(p) the associated profit maximizing response.

Urinary Calculi Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Urinary Calculi - Case Study Example An imbalance in an individual’s metabolism is another causative factor of Urinary calculi. The imbalance leads to abnormally high levels of mineral salts agglomerating in the urine. Stones with uric acid composition occur in people having diseases such as gout, chronic dehydration and some cancers (Hesse, 2009). The third causative factor is hyperparathyroidism, a disorder affecting parathyroid glands making it overactive thus resulting to the production of excess parathyroid hormone. Other causative factors are type specific. Calcium stones result when there is too much calcium in the urine (Rao, Preminger & Kavanagh, 2009). Uric acid stones occur whenever there is a high amount of acid in the urine. Diet is also usable in analyzing the composition of a patient’s calculi. Patients taking little amount of water have a high tendency of experiencing dehydration. Dehydration is a causative factor leading urinary calculi. The state leads to dominance of the mineral salts resulting to the condition. An individual’s diet determines the contents of his or her calculi. An excess of calcium in the diet results in calcium

Justice And Injustice In The State Of Nature Essay

Justice And Injustice In The State Of Nature Essay According to Hobbes, in the State of Nature there is no property and both justice and injustice are impossible, whereas for Locke both property and justice and injustice exist before the Social Contract. Explain how each philosopher reaches his conclusion. Then make an evaluation. Which philosopher has the better argument? Which philosopher has the better position? Hobbes claimed that there is no property, justice and injustice in the State of Nature. To formulate Hobbes argument, firstly, we have to grasp Hobbesian world of pre-society, the State of Nature. For Hobbes, the State of Nature is a state of war, in which everyone regards one another as ememies, opposing against each other. In such situation, there is no guarantee that one can keep his or her own possessions constantly; also, there is no justice and injustice because no law has been established. Hobbess arguments are as following. Firstly, Bobbes pointed out a biological observation that everyone naturally has nearly equal faculties of body and mind, as a fundamental fact in the State of Natue. Even though we may find some people who are seemed stronger or smarter than the others, Hobbes added that if we count all abilities that everyone have by nature, we will find that everyone has quite equal abilities on averge. Besides, some may argue that some outstanding people, such as top scientists, have more abilities than the vulgur. However, Hobbes said, they attain their achievements not because of their more abilities than the others but because of their hard working in a long time; thus we cannot take their stories as the disproof that people do not have equal abilities by nature. In addition, Hobbes indicated that people always regard themselves being better than the others and this belief also can be taken as the evidence of peoples equality in natural faculties. From equality of abilities, hope and diffidence arise at the same time. On the one hand, since everyone has equal abilities, people naturally think they have chance to gain what they desire, so they persuit what they want actively. However, when two people desire the same thing and they cannot share it together, they will regard each other as opponent and enemy. Once the opposite state continues, it will be gradually extended to wrose situation in which everyone wants to destroy one another for his or her own conservation or pleasure. Hobbes concluded that there are three causes of quarrels: competition for gaining thing, diffidence for own conservation, and glory for reputation. In short, Hobbes claimed that with equal faculties, everyone has even opportunities to get what they want. However, because living resources are limited, it results in avoidlessly intense competitions among mankind. With consciousness that the others may have chances to get things we desire, we are commonly in an uneasy mental state. Since there is no arranged order or reasonable distribution in the state of nature, the best way to ensure ones living is to make efforts to get things as many as one can. What one is capable of obtaining is ones, no matter with what kind of methods, and that is why Bobbes said that force and fraud are two crucial virtues in the State of Nature, not justice. In the State of Nature, there is neither yours and mine, nor right and wrong. People do not have their respective legal possessions as their property. Everyone has to fight constantly to overcome their diffidence and earn their living. There is no justice and injustice because there is no law in the State of Nature. Property, justice and injustice, if they do exist, they will exist in the agreements of the members of a civil society. When people find that they can live in a more stable and peaceful state by composing society, they decide to consult with each other, set some social contracts besed on their mutual profits and transfer their right to the ruler. In this way, people start a recognized game in society and everyone who joins the game has to obey the commom rules, i.e., the laws. Then, we will have property, justice, and injustice. Locke provided a different interpretation of the origin of property, justice and injustice from Hobbes. Locke pointed that there are property, justice and injustice in the State of Nature, which are all protected by the law of nature. The State of Nature is governed by the law of nature, which ensures that property, justice and injustice exist in the State of Nature. Compared with Hobbesian State of Nature, Lockeian State of Nature is much more comfortable. It is a state of freedom in which people can decide their actions and deal with their possessions. It is also a state of equalty in wich people have reciprocal power and can share the same advantage of nature and mutual love. We have freedom and equality by nature, and both are from God. We are made by God. Because God prefer his creature to last during his pleasure, God gives us the rights to preserve ourselves. Following Gods will, we also have to preserve the other people, it means, we cannot invade the others unless we are offended. The law of nature can ensure peoples basic right, such as properties, liberty and so on, and restraint people to use their freedom to harm the others, unless out of lawful punishment. In sum, in the State of Nature, property, justice and injustice are all ensured by the law of nature. We can work hard to get what we desire and claim that we possess those things as our property. We can also judge what is just or injust according for everyones own conservation. After examining the theories of Hobbes and Locke, I think they both have some weak points in their arguments. Hobbes premise based on too many psychological suppositions and Lockes was out of religious belief. Hobbes pointed out that mankind are equal in both physical and mental abilities and he said we can find the proof from the fact that people always regard themselves as the best one. I think that this was just his subjective viewpoint. As for Locke, if one does not believe in God, then, the whole argument will not be set up. I prefer Lockes position, because I think even though Hobbes argument is reasonable in some points about mankinds competition, in his argument, mankind has no reason and just like animals in the jungle. Lockes position, in which mankind is free and equal, is more consisting with reason and would be a more stable basis for modern society.

Identification of Bacteria in Wastewater Essay example -- Scientific R

The analytical techniques for direct detection, enumeration, isolation and identification many different types of pathogenic bacteria in wastewater and accompanying sludge require well-trained technicians. Also it's usually are unpredictable, difficult, hugely expensive, costly and time-consuming procedures. The task would be enormous if one contemplates the monitoring of hundreds of pathogens and parasites on a routine basis in water and wastewater treatment plants, receiving waters, soils and others environmental samples (Lucero-Ramirez, 2000 and Bitton, 2005). To avoid these problems, Toze (1997) reported that the indicator microorganisms are indicators of fecal pollution used to determine the relative risk of the possible presences of microbial pathogens. Indicator organisms are also used as models for the behavior of pathogens e.g. to determine the efficiency of treatment processes. In this study the bacterial load of the effluent samples examined in this study was summarized in Table 1. There are no significant differences between geometric means of TBC and TC cell number in all samples collected from STP1, STP2 and STP3. The log10 CFU /100 mL of TC of effluent samples collected from STPs was significantly different from the log10 of FC and enterococci cell number (P ≠¤0.05 as determined by ANOVA). The geometric mean values for the TC ranged from 6.12 to 5.39 log10 CFU /100 mL. Enterococci levels in treated effluent at STP1 were significantly less than STP2 and STP3. According to data collected from STPs under study, STP2 is specific for treated of the domestic sewage coming from medical centers, while STP1 treated the wastewater coming from laboratories that operate on the experiences of pharmaceutical in the educationa... ...tion complies with the WHO guidelines for unrestricted irrigation regarding the FC content (≠¤1000 CFU/100 mL or 3 log10 CFU/100 mL). According to Alcalde et al., (2003) the effluent which has these parameters can be used for unrestricted irrigation of several crops during the entire year without any additional disinfection treatment. This results were accepted by Deportes et al. (1998) who reported that during storage, indicators and pathogenic microorganisms remained either undetectable or at low level. Moreover, survivals of microorganisms that are associated with solids are more than when they are suspended in water (Straub et al., 1992). Works Cited Straub, T. M., Pepper, I. L. and Gerba, C. P. (1992): Persistence of viruses in desert soil amended with anaerobically digested sewage sludge. Journal of Applied Environmental and Microbiology (58), 636–645.